Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases, responsible for the integrity of the basement membrane (BM) via degradation of extracellular matrix and BM components.1 MMPs are presented in various types of cells, including cardiomyocytes, cerebral neurons, hepatocytes, and many others, thus influencing various processes.
Increased matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9), also called Gelatinase B, after myocardial infarction (MI) exacerbates ischemia-induced chronic heart failure (CHF).2 It is also upregulated in the diabetic heart, and ablation of MMP9 decreases infarct size in the non-diabetic myocardial infarction heart.3 There is also strong evidence that the increased levels of MMP-9 are associated with many inflammatory conditions, such as coronary artery disease, COPD, arthritis, and metabolic syndrome.4 It was also proved that MMP-9 is associated with progression of atherosclerosis and higher risk of cardiovascular events. It was also suggested that elevated levels of MMP-9 (combined with MMP-2) are associated with highly tumorigenic cancers.
Enzyme Immunoassay for the quantitative determination of Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in human plasma and serum.
RESOURCES
- Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Mroczko B, Słowik A. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2014 Nov;121(11):1387-97. doi: 10.1007/s00702-014-1205-3. Epub 2014 Jul 22. PMID: 25047909; PMCID: PMC4210652.
- (Nandi SS, Katsurada K, Sharma NM, Anderson DR, Mahata SK, Patel KP. MMP9 inhibition increases autophagic flux in chronic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2020 Dec 1;319(6):H1414-H1437. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00032.2020. Epub 2020 Oct 16. PMID: 33064567; PMCID: PMC7792705.)
- Yadav SK, Kambis TN, Kar S, Park SY, Mishra PK. MMP9 mediates acute hyperglycemia-induced human cardiac stem cell death by upregulating apoptosis and pyroptosis in vitro. Cell Death Dis. 2020 Mar 13;11(3):186. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-2367-6. PMID: 32170070; PMCID: PMC7070071.
- Snitker S. Correlation of Circulating MMP-9 with White Blood Cell Count in Humans: Effect of Smoking. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(6): e66277
